Yimiphi Imibono Engalungile Evame Kakhulu Ngamabhande Okwelapha Ukukhanya Okubomvu?

Ukukhanya nokushisa kuye kwasetshenziswa ekwelapheni amakhulu eminyaka, futhi amabhande esimanje okwelapha ngokukhanya okubomvu ayindlela ephathekayo, eqhutshwa ubuchwepheshe yokuqhubeka kwalowo mkhuba. Uma uke wabona la madivayisi ekhangiswa njengezixazululo eziyisimangaliso zobuhlungu, ukwehlisa isisindo, noma ukuvuselela isikhumba, awuwedwa - izingxoxo ezizungezile zinomsindo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ziyadida. Lesi sihloko sinqamula umsindo ukuze sichaze imibono eyiphutha evame kakhulu futhi sikusize unqume ukuthi yini enengqondo ngezidingo zakho.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ucabanga ukuthenga, uzama ukuqonda ukubuyekezwa okuphikisanayo, noma umane nje ufuna ukwazi ukuthi ukukhanya okubomvu nokuseduze kwe-infrared kungenzani ngempela, uzothola izincazelo ezicacile nezisekelwe ebufakazini ngezansi. Qhubeka ufunda ukuze ufunde ukuthi yiziphi izimangalo ezisekelwa kahle, yiziphi eziqisiwe, nokuthi yiziphi izinyathelo ezisebenzayo ongazithatha ukuze usebenzise ibhande lokwelapha ngokuzibophezela nangokuphumelelayo.

Amabhande okwelapha ngokukhanya okubomvu afana nama-laser, ngakho angashisa noma alimaze izicubu

Enye inkolelo evamile ukuthi noma iyiphi idivayisi ekhipha ukukhanya okugxilile kumele ibe yingozi njenge-laser. Nakuba kuyiqiniso ukuthi ama-laser angasika futhi ashise izicubu ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, amabhande okwelapha ukukhanya okubomvu ngokuvamile asebenza ngesimiso esihlukile kakhulu futhi anemingcele ehlukene kakhulu. Umehluko oyinhloko uphakathi kwama-laser anamandla aphezulu, agxilile kanye namadivayisi okwelapha ukukhanya okuphansi (LLLT) afana nama-LED kanye nama-laser anamandla aphansi asetshenziswa ekwelashweni okubomvu kanye ne-near-infrared. Lawa okugcina aklanyelwe ukuletha imithamo yokukhanya okungewona ukushisa, okusho ukuthi awakhuphuli amazinga okushisa kwezicubu emazingeni abangela ukusha. Esikhundleni salokho, asebenza efasiteleni lokwelapha lama-wavelength - ngokuvamile azungeze obomvu (630-700 nm) kanye ne-near-infrared (780-900+ nm) - amuncwa ama-chromophores eseli njenge-cytochrome c oxidase. Lokhu kumuncwa kuhlotshaniswa nezimpendulo zeseli njengokusebenza okuthuthukisiwe kwe-mitochondrial kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe-ATP okwandisiwe, hhayi ukuqedwa kwezicubu.

Lokho kusho ukuthi ukuphepha kuncike kakhulu ekwakhiweni nasekusetshenzisweni kwedivayisi. Amabhande ashibhile, aklanywe kabi angase abe nokusatshalaliswa kokushisa okungalingani noma ama-elekthronikhi anephutha okungadala izingozi zokusha, ikakhulukazi uma esetshenziswa isikhathi eside noma eshiywa endaweni efudumele. Ukuxhumana eduze nesikhumba isikhathi eside kungadala nokushisa kwendawo ngisho nakumadivayisi asekelwe ku-LED; kuyilapho ukufudumala okuncane kuyinto evamile, ukushisa ngokweqile akunjalo. Abasebenzisi kufanele balandele isiqondiso somkhiqizi mayelana nobude besikhathi seseshini kanye nokubekwa kwayo, futhi bahlole ibhande ukuthola noma yiziphi izindawo ezishisayo ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kokuqala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuvezwa ngqo kwezindawo ezibucayi njengamehlo kufanele kugwenywe; abakhiqizi abaningi batusa izibuko noma bamane bagweme ukukhanya okuqondile emehlweni, ikakhulukazi kumadivayisi akhipha ukukhanya okuseduze kwe-infrared okungabonakali kodwa okusasebenza kakhulu.

Okokugcina, abantu abasebenzisa imithi ethinta ukukhanya noma abanezimo ezibenza bazizwele ukukhanya ngendlela engavamile bangase babe nokusabela okubi. Umbono wokuthi amabhande okukhanya abomvu ayingozi ngokwemvelo njenge-laser yezimboni awunembile, kodwa amadivayisi awanayo ingozi. Ukukhetha kahle umkhiqizo, ukunaka ikhwalithi yokwakha, kanye nokulandela imiyalelo yokusebenzisa kunciphisa amathuba okulimala kokushisa noma eminye imiphumela emibi.

Iseshini eyodwa emfushane izokwelapha ngokushesha ubuhlungu obungapheli, ukuvuvukala, noma amafutha aqinile

Izithembiso zemiphumela esheshayo nemangalisayo ziphakathi kwezinsolo eziqhubekayo nezikhanga kakhulu ezenziwe ngamabhande okwelapha ngokukhanya okubomvu. Iqiniso licacile kakhulu: ukukhanya okubomvu nokuseduze kwe-infrared kungasekela ukulungiswa kwezicubu, kunciphise izimpawu ezithile zokuvuvukala, futhi ezimweni ezithile kuthuthukise amaphuzu obuhlungu, kodwa imiphumela ivame ukuba kancane kancane, iqoqeke, futhi incike ezintweni eziningi. Izifundo zesayensi ezibonisa izinzuzo zivame ukuhilela ukwelashwa okuphindaphindiwe emavikini amaningi, imithamo elawulwayo, kanye nokuqapha ngokucophelela. Ezimweni zobuhlungu obungapheli, isibonelo, ukuhlaziywa kwe-meta kusikisela ukuthi i-photobiomodulation inganciphisa ubukhali bobuhlungu futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza, kodwa ubukhulu bomphumela buyahlukahluka futhi buxhomeke kumingcele efana nobude be-wavelength, ukukhanya, isikhathi sokwelashwa, kanye nemvamisa. Izikhathi ezimfushane, ezikhishwa kanye kuphela azivamile ukukhiqiza impumuzo eqhubekayo.

Uma kukhulunywa ngokulahlekelwa amafutha noma "ukuncipha kwamabala," ubufakazi abuthetheleli kangako. Ezinye izifundo ze-laser ezisezingeni eliphansi zibonise izinguquko zesikhashana kuma-adipocyte ngaphansi kwemingcele ethile kakhulu, kodwa lezi azifani namadivayisi ebhande aphathwayo athengiswa kabanzi ukuze asetshenziswe ekhaya. Ukulahlekelwa amafutha kuvame ukuba semzimbeni futhi kuthonywe ukudla, ukuzivocavoca, isimo samahomoni, kanye nokulinganisela kwamandla jikelele. Ibhande lokukhanya elibomvu elisetshenziswa lodwa akunakwenzeka ukuthi likhiqize izinguquko zomzimba ezinenjongo nezihlala isikhathi eside. Ezindaweni ezilawulwayo, ngisho nalapho kubonwe ukuthuthuka okuncane, kwakuhambisana nohlelo oluhlelekile oluhlanganisa ukulawula ukudla kanye nokuzivocavoca, futhi ngokuvamile kwakusetshenziswa amadivayisi anembile kakhulu aphethwe ochwepheshe.

Impendulo yomuntu ngamunye nayo iyahlukahluka. Izici ezifana nombala wesikhumba, ukujiya kwezicubu, kanye nebanga phakathi komthombo wokukhanya kanye nezicubu eziqondiwe kuthonya umthamo olethwa emaseli. Abantu abanesikhumba esikhanyayo kanye namafutha amancane angaphansi kwesikhumba bangase babone izinguquko ngokushesha kunalabo abanesikhumba esimnyama noma izicubu ezinamafutha amaningi, kodwa lokhu akuqinisekisiwe. Okokugcina, imiphumela ye-placebo ingaba namandla ezimweni ezifana nobuhlungu namandla abonwayo; imibiko yomuntu siqu yokuthuthuka okusheshayo ingabonisa okulindelwe kanye noshintsho lomzimba. Okulindelwe okungokoqobo kanye nokuzibophezela ohlelweni oluhambisanayo, olunolwazi ngobufakazi kubalulekile kulabo abanethemba lokuthola izinzuzo ezivela emabhandeni okwelapha ngokukhanya okubomvu.

Zonke izisetshenziswa zokwelapha ngokukhanya okubomvu ziyashintshana — ubude be-wavelength namandla akunandaba kangako

Umbono ovamile oyiphutha ukuthi wonke amadivayisi abhalwe ngokuthi “ukukhanya okubomvu” afana nokuthi ukukhetha imodeli eyodwa kunenye kumane kuyindaba yobuhle noma intengo. Eqinisweni, imiphumela yokwelapha ixhumene kakhulu nemingcele ethile: ubude be-wavelength, ubuningi bamandla (ukukhazimula), umthamo wamandla (ukushelela), isikhathi sokwelashwa, kanye nekhwalithi yomthombo wokukhanya. Ubude be-wavelength bunquma ukuthi ukukhanya kungena ngokujule kangakanani ezicutshini nokuthi yimaphi ama-chromophores eseli amunca. Ukukhanya okubomvu okusebangeni lika-630-660 nm kuvame ukusetshenziselwa izicubu ezingaphezulu njengesikhumba, kuyilapho ukukhanya okuseduze kwe-infrared okuzungeze u-800-900 nm kungena ngokujulile futhi kungase kuhlobane kakhulu nemisipha, amalunga, kanye nezicubu ezijulile. Izinqubo eziningi zezokwelapha ezisebenzayo zisebenzisa inhlanganisela yama-wavelength abomvu naseduze kwe-infrared ukuze kuqondiswe ekujuleni okuningi.

Ubuningi bamandla, obulinganiswa ngama-milliwatts ngesentimitha lesikwele, buthonya ukuthi angakanani amandla afinyelela ezicutshini ngesikhathi seseshini. Ubuningi bamandla obuphansi kakhulu bungase bungasebenzi, kuyilapho ubuningi obukhulu kakhulu bungabangela ukwehla kwembuyiselo noma ngisho nokuvimbela impendulo yeselula oyifunayo - kukhona impendulo yesilinganiso se-biphasic ekushintsheni kwe-photobio. Ubude bokuvezwa kanye nebanga ukusuka esikhumbeni kubaluleke ngokulinganayo; ukubeka ibhande elinamandla aphansi kude nomzimba ngeke kulethe amandla anenjongo, kuyilapho ukuvezwa kwamandla aphezulu kakhulu kungabangela ukushisa okungafuneki. Ngaphandle kwenkolelo-mbono, ikhwalithi yokukhiqiza ibalulekile: ukufana kokubekwa kwe-LED, ukuphuma kwe-wavelength enembile (amanye amadivayisi athi ama-wavelength awakhiphi ngempela), kanye nokwakheka kukagesi okuhambisanayo konke kuthinta ukusebenza. Amadivayisi ashibhile angasebenzisa ama-LED angaphansi kwesilinganiso ahlanzekile kahle, okuholela ekusebenzeni okuphansi.

Isitifiketi kanye nokuhlolwa okuzimele kuyizinkomba eziwusizo zekhwalithi. Funa imikhiqizo enikeza imininingwane ecacile yobuchwepheshe, idatha yokuhlolwa komuntu wesithathu, noma izifundo zezokwelapha eziqondene nedivayisi. Izimangalo "ze-spectrum egcwele" noma amagama angacacile njenge-"high-intensity" ngaphandle kwezinombolo ziyizimpawu ezibomvu. Ngamafuphi, ukwelashwa kokukhanya okubomvu okusebenzayo kokubili kuyikhono kanye nesayensi; ukukhethwa kwedivayisi ngokusekelwe kumapharamitha aqinisekisiwe kubalulekile kunokucabanga ukuthi kungenzeka ukushintshana.

Ukuvunyelwa kwe-FDA kusho ukuthi idivayisi iyasebenza kukho konke ukusetshenziswa okufunwayo

Abathengi abaningi bachaza imvume noma amalebula okuvunyelwa kwe-FDA njengokuvumela okuphelele kwazo zonke izimangalo ezenziwe ngumenzi. Uhlaka lokulawula lwe-FDA lunezincazelo ezahlukene: kumadivayisi ezokwelapha, imvume (njengemvume ye-510(k)) ivame ukusho ukuthi idivayisi ilingana kakhulu nedivayisi ebikezelwe ngokomthetho ngokuphepha kanye nokusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe, hhayi ukuthi i-ejensi isiqinisekisile zonke izimangalo zokwelapha umenzi angase azisho. Ukuvunyelwa kuyibha ephezulu egcinelwe amadivayisi anobufakazi obuqinile, obuqondene nedivayisi ethile yesibonakaliso esithile. Ngisho noma kunjalo, imvume iqondene nesibonakaliso.

Kumabhande okwelapha ngokukhanya okubomvu athengiswa njengemikhiqizo yezempilo yabathengi, amanye angase abe nemvume ye-FDA yesitatimende esichazwe kancane njengokuthi “ukwelashwa kobuhlungu esimweni esithile” noma “ukwelashwa okuhambisanayo,” kuyilapho amanye emane elandela amazinga okuphepha ajwayelekile. Imikhiqizo eminingi ethengiswa ngezinzuzo zobuhle njengokunciphisa imibimbi noma impilo ejwayelekile igwema ukwenza izimangalo zezokwelapha ezicacile ukuze igweme imithetho eqinile. Lokho akusho ukuthi ayinamsebenzi; kusho ukuthi abathengi kufanele bafunde umbhalo omncane futhi bafune ubufakazi bezokwelapha obusebenza ngqo ezidingweni zabo. Idivayisi ehlanziwe yokuqeda ubuhlungu bamalunga ku-knee osteoarthritis, isibonelo, ayiqinisekiswa ngokuzenzakalelayo ukukhuthaza ukwehlisa isisindo noma ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwezemidlalo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izinkampani zenza izimangalo zokumaketha ezifisayo ezidlula ubufakazi obukhona. I-FDA ingathatha isinyathelo futhi iyasithatha ngokumelene nezimangalo ezingamanga noma ezidukisayo, kodwa ukuphoqelelwa akusebenzi kuwo wonke umuntu futhi kuvame ukuba ngemuva kwesivinini sokumaketha. Izifundo zezokwelapha ezizimele, ucwaningo olubukezwe ontanga oluqondene nedivayisi noma amapharamitha afanayo, kanye nokubika okusobala kwemiphumela kuyizinkomba ezinamandla kunokuba khona nje kwezimpawu zomthetho. Lapho uhlola umkhiqizo, hlola ulimi oluqondile lwanoma yiziphi izitatimende ze-FDA, hlola izivivinyo ezibukezwe ontanga, futhi uqaphele iziqinisekiso ezijwayelekile zokusebenza kahle ezimweni eziningi ezingahlobene.

Azikho iziphazamiso — amabhande okwelapha ngokukhanya okubomvu aphephile kuwo wonke umuntu, kufaka phakathi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kanye nokwelashwa komdlavuza

Ikhophi ethile yokumaketha isikisela ukuthi ukwelashwa ngokukhanya okubomvu kuphephile kuwo wonke umuntu, kungasetshenziswa yinoma ubani kunoma yisiphi isimo. Lokhu kuqinisekiswa okubanzi kuyadukisa. Ngenkathi ukwelashwa ngokukhanya okubomvu nokuseduze kwe-infrared ngokuvamile kuyingozi encane kubantu abaningi abanempilo, kuneziphambeko ezibalulekile kanye nezixwayiso okufanele zicatshangelwe. Isibonelo, ukukhulelwa kuvame ukucashunwa njengesimo sokugwema ukusebenzisa ukukhanya kokwelapha ngqo phezu kwesisu noma i-pelvis ngenxa yokuntuleka kwedatha eqinile yokuphepha yokuchayeka kombungu. Ngokufanayo, umdlavuza osebenzayo endaweni yokwelashwa uyinkinga eyinkimbinkimbi; ngoba i-photobiomodulation ingakhuthaza umsebenzi wamaseli kanye nokugeleza kwegazi, odokotela abaningi bacebisa ukuthi kuqashelwe noma kugwenywe ukudalula izindawo zesimila esisebenzayo ekukhanyeni okubomvu noma okuseduze kwe-infrared kuze kube yilapho kutholakala ubufakazi obucacile. Iziguli ezelashwa ngomdlavuza kufanele zihlale zixhumana nethimba lazo le-oncology ngaphambi kokusebenzisa amadivayisi anjalo.

Imithi evuselela ukukhanya — imithi ekhulisa ukuzwela ekukhanyeni — iphakamisa okunye ukukhathazeka. Ama-ejenti afana nama-antibiotic athile, ama-retinoids, ama-chemotherapy, kanye nezithasiselo zamakhambi ezithuthukisa ukukhanya angandisa ingozi yokusabela kabi kwesikhumba uma kuhlanganiswa nokwelashwa kokukhanya. Abantu abanezimo zokuzwela ukukhanya okuzenzakalelayo, i-porphyria, noma umlando wokusabela kokuzwela ukukhanya kufanele bafune iseluleko sezokwelapha ngaphambi kokusebenzisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abanamadivayisi kagesi afakwe njenge-pacemaker bangase babe nezixwayiso ezithile zomkhiqizi mayelana nokusondela ekukhishweni kwe-electromagnetic; kuyilapho ama-LED ngokwawo engeke aphazamise, kuwukuhlakanipha ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana kwedivayisi.

Kukhona futhi izinto eziphathelene nobudala: izingane ezincane kakhulu nezinsana akufanele zelashwe ngamadivayisi abantu abadala ngaphandle kokuthi uchwepheshe wezingane eluleka ngenye indlela. Abantu abanezinkinga ze-endocrine ezingalawulwa noma ezihambisana nesimiso somzimba kufanele baxhumane nodokotela. Ngamafuphi, nakuba abasebenzisi abaningi bebekezelela amabhande abomvu ngaphandle kwenkinga, isimangalo esithi "kuphephile kuwo wonke umuntu" asinembile. Ukwazi isimo sakho sezokwelapha nokufuna isiqondiso sochwepheshe lapho ungabaza kuvikela ezingozini ezingagwenywa.

Ukuhlanganisa amabhande okwelapha ngokukhanya okubomvu nokuzivocavoca, ukushisa, noma izithasiselo kuhlale kuthuthukisa imiphumela

Izikhangiso kanye nemibiko yama-anecdotal ngokuvamile zikhuthaza ukuhlanganiswa — sebenzisa leli bhande ngaphambi kokuzivocavoca kwakho, engeza i-warming pad ngemuva kwalokho, noma uthathe izithasiselo ezithile ukuze uphindaphinde imiphumela. Ukuhlanganiswa kungaba wusizo, kodwa akusebenzi ndawonye futhi ngezinye izikhathi kwethula izinto ezididayo ezifihla ukuthi ukwelashwa ngokwako kwenza noma yini. Isikhathi sibalulekile: ezinye izifundo ziphakamisa ukuthi ukusebenzisa i-photobiomodulation ngaphambi kokuzivocavoca kunganciphisa ukulimala kwemisipha futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza, kanti ezinye zibonisa izinzuzo lapho kusetshenziswa ngemuva kokuqeqeshwa ukuze kusheshiswe ukululama. Imigomo ehlukile — ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza uma kuqhathaniswa nokululama — ilawula amasu ahlukene okusebenzisa. Ngaphandle kwephrothokholi ecacile, ukuhlanganisa izindlela ngokungahleliwe kungaveza imiphumela engahambisani.

Ukushisa nokukhanya okubomvu akufani. Ukwelashwa ngokushisa kukhulisa ukugeleza kwegazi ngezindlela ezincike ekushiseni, kuyilapho i-photobiomodulation isebenza ngezindlela ze-biochemical zamaseli. Ukusebenzisa ukushisa ngokushesha ngemva kweseshini yokukhanya okubomvu kungakhulisa imizwa yokufudumala nenduduzo kodwa futhi kungenza kube nzima ukuhumusha izinzuzo. Ngokufanayo, izithako ezisetshenziswayo noma ezisetshenziswa ngomlomo ezithengiswa ukuze "zandise" imiphumela yokwelapha ngokukhanya kufanele zihlolwe ngokucophelela. Izithako ze-antioxidant, isibonelo, zingase ziguqule ngokwemfundiso izindlela zokubonisana ze-redox eziyingxenye yendlela ye-photobiomodulation; ukuthi lokho kuyazuzisa noma kuyaphambana kuncike kumongo kanye nesengezo esithile.

Okokugcina, ukuhlanganisa ukwelashwa ngaphandle kokuqonda umthamo oqongelelekayo kungafaka engcupheni yokuchayeka ngokweqile. Ukushintshashintsha kwe-photobio kunempendulo yomthamo we-biphasic - okuncane kakhulu akusebenzi, okuningi kakhulu kungavimbela imiphumela efiselekayo - ngakho ukufaka amadivayisi amaningi asekelwe ekukhanyeni noma izikhathi ezinde kungase kungabi yinto eyengeziwe futhi kungalimaza imiphumela. Iphuzu elibalulekile ukuthi yize inhlanganisela yamasu, enolwazi ngobufakazi ingaba namandla, ukuhlanganisa okungagxilile kwezindlela zokwelapha ngokusekelwe ekukhangiseni akunakwenzeka ukuthi "kukhulise" imiphumela futhi kungachitha imali noma kube nzima ngezinqumo zezempilo.

Isifinyezo

Amabhande okwelapha ngokukhanya okubomvu athatha isikhala esithakazelisayo phakathi kwamasiko okukhanya okwelapha asebeneminyaka eminingi kanye nobuchwepheshe besimanje, obufinyelelekayo. Iningi lezimangalo ezizwakalayo ngazo - ukwelashwa okusheshayo, ukuphepha kwendawo yonke, noma ukushintshaniswa kwamadivayisi - kwenza kube lula kakhulu iqiniso elinomqondo obanzi. Ukusebenza kahle kuncike kumapharamitha edivayisi aqinisekisiwe, izinqubo zokwelapha ezihambisanayo, kanye nokulindela okungokoqobo, kanye nokucabangela ukuphepha kuyahlukahluka ngesimo sempilo yomuntu ngamunye kanye nekhwalithi yedivayisi.

Uma ucabangela ibhande lokwelapha ngokukhanya okubomvu, khetha imikhiqizo ethembekile enemininingwane ecacile yobuchwepheshe noma ukuhlolwa okuzimele, xhumana nomhlinzeki wezempilo mayelana nokungavumelani noma ukusebenzisana nemithi, bese uzibophezela ohlelweni oluhambisanayo nolusekelwe ebufakazini kunokulindela izixazululo ezisheshayo. Ngokusetshenziswa okucatshangelwe kahle, la madivayisi angaba usizo ekunakekelweni okubanzi noma ohlelweni lokuvuselela, kodwa awazona izinduku zomlingo.