Ukuqonda Ukuthi Ukwelashwa Kokukhanya Okubomvu Kusebenza Kanjani: Isisekelo Sesayensi

Ukwelashwa kokukhanya okubomvu sekuthole ukunakwa okuphawulekayo eminyakeni yamuva nje, kuboniswa amandla ako okuthuthukisa impilo yesikhumba, ukusheshisa ukuphulukiswa, nokunciphisa ukuvuvukala ngaphandle kwezinqubo ezihlaselayo noma imithi. Kodwa kwenzekani ngempela lapho isikhumba sakho sichayeka ekukhanyeni okubomvu, futhi kungani abantu abaningi kangaka befunga ngale ndlela yokwelapha? Ukuqonda isayensi ewumsuka kunganikeza ukucaca kokuthi lokhu kwelashwa kusebenza kanjani, yiziphi izinzuzo okungase kuzinikeze, kanye nemikhawulo engase ibe nayo.

Le ndatshana ingena ijule ezindleleni ezingemuva kokwelashwa kokukhanya okubomvu, ihlola ukuxhumana phakathi kokukhanya nezinqubo zamaselula. Uma uke wazibuza ukuthi kungani amaza okukhanya athile angavuselela ukuphulukiswa nokuvuselelwa ezingeni lamaselula, qhubeka ufunda ukuze uthole i-biology ethakazelisayo nobuchwepheshe ngemuva kwakho.

Isayensi Engemuva Kokukhanya kanye Nokusebenzelana Kwayo Nomzimba

Ukukhanya kungaphezu kwalokho esikubona ngamehlo ethu; iwuhlobo lwemisebe ye-electromagnetic ethwala amandla, ekwazi ukubangela ukusabela kwezinto eziphilayo ezicutshini eziphilayo. Ukwelashwa ngokukhanya okubomvu kusebenzisa ubude beza obuthile ngaphakathi kombono obomvu kanye ne-infrared, ngokuvamile osukela phakathi kwama-nanometers angu-600 no-900, ukuze ungene esikhunjeni futhi uhlanganyele namaseli angaphansi komhlaba.

Lapho lawa maza amaza akhethwe ngokucophelela efika esikhunjeni, amuncwa ama- chromophore—ama- molecule angakwazi ukubamba amandla okukhanya. Enye yama-chromophore abaluleke kakhulu ahilelekile ekwelapheni ukukhanya okubomvu i-cytochrome c oxidase, i-enzyme etholakala ku-mitochondria, izimboni zamandla ngaphakathi kwamaseli ethu. Ngokumunca ukukhanya okubomvu nokuseduze kwe-infrared, i-cytochrome c oxidase isiza ukwanda komsebenzi wokuthutha ngama-electron ku-mitochondria, ithuthukise ukuphefumula kwamaselula nokukhiqizwa kwamandla.

Lokhu kwanda kwamandla, okukalwa ngokukhiqizwa kwe-adenosine triphosphate (ATP), kubhebhethekisa imisebenzi ehlukahlukene yamaselula njengokulungisa, ukuvuselelwa, kanye nemetabolism. Ngenxa yokuthi i-mitochondria idlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni impilo nokusebenza kwamangqamuzana, ukuwasekela ngokukhanya okubomvu kungaba nemiphumela efinyelela kude ekulungisweni kwezicubu kanye nobungqabavu buphelele. Ikhono elithile lokukhanya okubomvu nokuseduze kwe-infrared ukufinyelela amakhromophore e-mitochondrial lenza lokhu kwelashwa kusebenze ngendlela ehlukile uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izingxenye ze-spectrum yokukhanya.

Indlela Ukwelapha Okukhanyayo Okubomvu Okugqugquzela Kanjani Ukulungiswa Kweselula

Umnyombo wezinzuzo zokwelapha ukukhanya okubomvu yikhono layo lokukhuthaza izindlela zokulungisa amaselula. Ukulimala kwezicubu—kungaba ngenxa yokulimala, ukuvuvukala, noma ukuguga—ngokuvamile kuholela ekusebenzeni kwamangqamuzana engcupheni kanye nokuphulukiswa okunganele. Ukwelashwa kokukhanya okubomvu kukhuthaza amangqamuzana ukuthi asebenze ngokuphumelelayo ngokuwanikeza amandla nokuvula izindlela zamangqamuzana ezinomthwalo wokuvuselela.

I-mitochondria, enikwa amandla ngokumuncwa ukukhanya okubomvu, ikhiqiza amazinga anyukile e-ATP. La mandla engeziwe abalulekile ngoba amaseli adinga i-ATP ukwenza imisebenzi ebalulekile njengokukhiqiza amaprotheni, ukuhlanganisa i-DNA ne-RNA, nokuphatha udoti. Njengoba i-metabolism yamangqamuzana ithuthuka, kanjalo nezinqubo ezifana nokukhiqizwa kwe-collagen ne-angiogenesis—ukwakheka kwemithambo yegazi emisha—okubalulekile ekulungiseni isikhumba nezicubu ezilimele.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwelashwa kokukhanya okubomvu kubonakala kuguqula izimpendulo zokuvuvukala. Nakuba ukuvuvukala okunamandla kuyadingeka ekuphulukiseni, ukuvuvukala okungapheli kungavimbela ukulungiswa futhi kubangele ukulimala okuqhubekayo. Ucwaningo luphakamisa ukuthi ukukhanya okubomvu kusiza ekunciphiseni amazinga e-cytokines e-pro-inflammatory ngenkathi kukhuthaza ukukhululwa kwama-molecule aphikisana nokuvuvukala. Ngokulinganisa ukuvuvukala, ukwelashwa kokukhanya okubomvu kusekela indawo ekahle yokuvuselelwa kwezicubu.

Esinye isici esibalulekile ukugqugquzelwa kwama-fibroblasts, amaseli akhethekile anesibopho sokukhiqiza i-collagen nezinye izakhi ze-matrix ezingaphandle kwamaseli. I-Collagen iyingxenye yokuqina kwesikhumba, ukuphulukiswa kwesilonda, nobuqotho besakhiwo. Umsebenzi othuthukisiwe we-fibroblast uphumela ekuthunjweni kwesikhumba okuthuthukisiwe kanye nokusheshisa ukuphulukiswa kwezilonda noma izibazi, okwenza ukwelapha ukukhanya okubomvu kukhange kukho kokubili izinjongo zezimonyo nezokwelapha.

Iqhaza Le-Mitochondria kanye Nokukhiqiza Amandla Eselula

Uma ucubungula ukuthi ukwelapha ukukhanya okubomvu kusebenza kanjani, ukuqonda umsebenzi we-mitochondrial kubalulekile. I-Mitochondria ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "izindawo zamandla" zeseli ngoba ziguqula izakhi nomoya-mpilo zibe i-ATP, i-molecule enika amandla cishe yonke imisebenzi yeselula. Ukusebenza kahle kwe-mitochondrial kubalulekile empilweni yezicubu, ukulungisa, nokuphila.

Ukukhanya okubomvu nokuseduze kwe-infrared kungena esikhunjeni kuye ekujuleni okuhlukahlukene, nge-infrared eseduze ekwazi ukufinyelela izicubu ezijulile njengemisipha namalunga. Lawa maza amaza asebenzisana ne-cytochrome c oxidase, i-enzyme eyinhloko ochungechungeni lwezokuthutha lwama-electron ngaphakathi kwe-mitochondria. Ngokumunca ama-photon, i-cytochrome c oxidase iba nezinguquko zokuvumelana ezithuthukisa umsebenzi wayo, kube lula ukudluliswa kwama-electron okuthuthukisiwe kanye nokusheshisa ukuhlanganiswa kwe-ATP.

Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kokutholakala kwe-ATP kusheshisa izinqubo ze-metabolic zeseli, okuvumela amaseli alimele ukuthi alungise ngokushesha nangempumelelo. Iphinde isekele ukusinda kwamangqamuzana ngaphansi kwengcindezi noma ezimeni ze-hypoxic lapho ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kusengozini. Umsebenzi othuthukisiwe we-mitochondrial ungathuthukisa ukusebenza kweseli, unciphise ukucindezeleka kwe-oxidative, futhi usize ukugcina izinqubo zokuguga ezinempilo.

Nakuba ukukhanya okubomvu kunika amandla i-mitochondria, kuphinde kukhuthaze okwesikhashana ukukhiqizwa okulawulwayo kwezinhlobo ze-oxygen esebenzayo (ROS). Nakuba ivame ukubukwa kabi, i-ROS emazingeni amaphakathi isebenza njengama-molecule abonisa izakhi zofuzo ezivikelayo nezindlela ezihilelekile ekusindeni kweseli nasekulungiseni. Ngakho, ukwelashwa kokukhanya okubomvu kuhlela ibhalansi ethambile ngokuvuselela ukusayina okunenzuzo ngaphandle kokubangela ukulimala kwamaselula.

Izicelo Zomtholampilo kanye Nezinzuzo Zokwelapha Okubomvu Okubomvu

Emashumini ambalwa eminyaka adlule, ukwelapha ukukhanya okubomvu kuye kwasetshenziswa ezilungiselelweni ezihlukahlukene zemitholampilo nezimonyo, okubonisa imiphumela ethembisayo kuzo zonke izimo eziningi. Enye yezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu yi-dermatology yokuvuselela isikhumba. Ngokuphromotha ukuhlanganiswa kwe-collagen nokunciphisa ukuvuvukala, ukwelashwa kokukhanya okubomvu kungathuthukisa imigqa emihle, imibimbi, izibazi, nethoni yesikhumba ngemiphumela emibi emincane.

Ngaphandle kobuhle, ukwelashwa kokukhanya okubomvu kubonise amandla ekwelapheni kwesilonda. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukwelapha amanxeba angalapheki ngokukhanya okubomvu nokuseduze kwe-infrared kwandisa amazinga okuphola ngokuthuthukisa ukwanda kwamaseli, i-angiogenesis, nokulawula ukuvuvukala. Lokhu kukwenza kube isithasiselo esibalulekile ekwelapheni izilonda zesifo sikashukela, izilonda zokucindezela, namanxeba okuhlinzwa.

Emithini yezemidlalo, ukwelashwa kokukhanya okubomvu kusetshenziselwa ukudambisa ubuhlungu bemisipha nobuhlungu bamalunga. Kuye kwaboniswa ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala emathanjeni nasemisipha, ukusekela ukutakula ngemva kwemisebenzi enzima, futhi kungase kube nezicelo ekwelapheni izimo ezifana nesifo samathambo. Imvelo yayo engahlaseli kanye nokungabikho kwemiphumela emibi ephawulekayo yenza kube inketho ekhethwayo kubasubathi abafuna izindlela zokubuyisela eziphephile.

Ukwelashwa kokukhanya okubomvu kuya ngokuya kufundelwa izinzuzo zemizwa futhi. Ngokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwe-mitochondrial nokunciphisa ukuvuvukala ezicutshini zezinzwa, kunesithembiso sezifo ze-neurodeergenerative kanye nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Ucwaningo lokuqala luphakamisa ukuthuthukiswa kwenkumbulo, ukuma kwenhliziyo, nokuncipha kokuvuvukala ezicutshini zobuchopho lapho zingaphansi kokukhanya okuseduze kwe-infrared.

Ukucatshangelwa Kokuphepha Nemikhawulo Yokwelapha Okukhanyayo Okubomvu

Nakuba ukwelashwa ngokukhanya okubomvu ngokuvamile kubhekwa njengokuphephile, ukuqonda imikhawulo yakho nezinyathelo zokuphepha kubalulekile ngaphambi kokukuhlanganisa ohlelweni lwezempilo. Ngokungafani nokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet, okungalimaza isikhumba futhi kwandise ingozi yomdlavuza, amaza okukhanya abomvu naseduze kwe-infrared awathwali izingozi ezifanayo zokulimala kwe-DNA. Lokhu kunomthelela ekuphepheni kwazo ekusetshenzisweni kokwelapha.

Nokho, umthamo ubaluleke kakhulu. Ukuchayeka okunganele kungase kuveze inzuzo encane, kuyilapho ukuchayeka ngokweqile kungaholela emiphumeleni engemihle yesikhashana efana nokubabomvu, ukucasuka, noma ukucindezeleka kwamehlo uma kungavikelwe kahle. Ngakho-ke, ukulandela imiyalelo yomkhiqizi noma isiqondiso sochwepheshe kubalulekile ukuze uthuthukise izinzuzo futhi unciphise ubungozi.

Kuyafaneleka futhi ukuqaphela ukuthi izimpendulo zomuntu ngamunye ekwelapheni ukukhanya okubomvu zingahluka. Izinto ezinjengohlobo lwesikhumba, ubudala, ukugeleza kwamanzi, nezimo zempilo ezingaphansi zingase zibe nomthelela emiphumeleni. Ukwengeza, nakuba ubufakazi buqinile ekusetshenzisweni okuthile okufana nokuphola kwesikhumba nokuphola kwesilonda, kudingeka izivivinyo zomtholampilo eziqinile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle kokwelashwa kwezinye izindawo njengezifo ze-neurodegenerative noma izithasiselo zokwelashwa komdlavuza.

Iziguli ezinezimo ze-photosensitive noma lezo ezithatha imithi ye-photosensitizing kufanele zithintane nabahlinzeki bezempilo ngaphambi kokwelashwa ngokukhanya okubomvu. Abesifazane abakhulelwe kanye nabantu abanesifo esiyingozi kufanele nabo basondele ekwelashweni ngokuqapha kuze kube yilapho sekutholakala imininingwane eqinisekile yokuphepha.

Kafushane, ukwelashwa kokukhanya okubomvu kumelela ukuphambana okuphawulekayo kwefiziksi nebhayoloji—indlela engahlanyisi yokusebenzisa ubude obuthile bokukhanya ukuze kushukunyiswe izinqubo zemvelo zamaselula. Isisekelo salo sisekhonweni eliyingqayizivele lokukhanya okubomvu nokuseduze kwe-infrared ukuze kuhlanganyele nama-enzyme e-mitochondrial, ukuqinisa amandla eselula nokukhuthaza ukulungiswa. Le miphumela ihumushela ezinzuzweni zomhlaba wangempela, kusukela kumpilo yesikhumba ethuthukisiwe kanye nokuphulukiswa kwamanxeba ngokushesha kuya ekusetshenzisweni okungase kube khona ekulawuleni ubuhlungu nempilo yezinzwa.

Nakuba kuthembisa, ukwelashwa ngesibani esibomvu akuyona i-panacea. Ukusetshenziswa ngokuzibophezela, ukubambelela ezivumelwaneni ezisekelwe ebufakazini, kanye nokubonisana nochwepheshe bezokunakekelwa kwezempilo kubalulekile ukuze uzuze ngokuphephile izinzuzo zako. Njengoba ucwaningo luqhubeka nokuvela, singase sivule ngokugcwele amandla amakhulu okwelashwa okusekelwe ekukhanyeni kwezokwelapha nokuphila kahle.

Sengivala, ukuqonda ukuthi ukwelapha ngesibani esibomvu kusebenza kanjani ezingeni lamaselula kunikeza ukuqonda kokuthi kungani sekuyimpatho ethandwayo kuyo yonke imikhakha eminingi. Lolu lwazi lusiza abasebenzisi ukusetha okulindelwe okungokoqobo futhi lukhuthaze izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nokuhlanganisa lobu buchwepheshe ezinhlotsheni zezempilo zomuntu siqu. Inhlanganisela yesayensi, ukusungula izinto ezintsha, kanye nokuphulukiswa kwemvelo okutholakala ekwelapheni ukukhanya okubomvu kumemezela ikusasa elijabulisayo lokungenelela kwezokwelapha okusebenzayo nokumnene emzimbeni.